Organic Chemistry

A domino reaction is a transformation that installs two or more bonds under identical conditions. The advantages of methods that construct complex molecules in a single reaction are self-evident, providing both atom and step economy.

Fluorous chemistry involves the use of perfluorinated compounds or perfluorinated substituents to facilitate recovery of a catalyst or reaction product. Perfluorinated groups impart unique physical properties including high solubility in perfluorinated solvents.This property can be useful in organic synthesis and separation methods such as solid phase extraction.Fluorous techniques are applicable to both green chemical process development and chemical discovery research. Fluorous chemistry improves productivity through efficient purification. 

It is a major class of organic chemical compounds characterized by the fact that some or all of the atoms in their molecules are joined in rings containing at least one atom of an element other than carbon.Among the various clinical applications, heterocyclic compounds have a considerable active role as anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory,and anti-tumor drugs.

Green Chemistry is described as the protection of environment from pollution. It comprises a new approach to the synthesis, processing and application of chemical substances, thus diminishing the hazards for human health and environmental pollution. It also focus on such problems as atom economy, toxicity, solvents, energy consumption, use of raw materials from renewable resources and decomposition of the chemical products to simple non-toxic substances that are compatible with the environment.

It is the study of the influence of organic chemicals on the environment which includes the study of the structure of organic compounds, physical properties of organic compounds, chemical properties of organic compounds and the reactivity of organic compounds to understanding the behavior of organic compounds not only in the pure form but also in the aqueous and nonaqueous solutions as well as the chemistry of complex mixtures to reflect the manner in which such chemicals exist in the environment.

Computational Chemistry is the use of computer simulation to predict, understand,or explain chemical reactivity. It is a branch of chemistry that uses computer simulation to assist in solving chemical problems. It uses methods of theoretical chemistry, incorporated into efficient computer programs, to calculate the structures and properties of molecules and solids.

Biotransformation means chemical alteration of chemicals such as nutrients, amino acids, toxins, and drugs in the body. It is also needed to render nonpolar compounds polar so that they are not reabsorbed in renal tubules and are excreted. 

Biotransformation of xenobiotics can dominate toxicokinetics and the metabolites may reach higher concentrations in organisms than their parent compounds.

The metabolism of a drug or toxin in a body is an example of a biotransformation.  Because of the high stereo- or regioselectivity combined with high product purity and high enantiomeric excesses, biotransformations can be technically superior to traditional chemical synthesis. 

It refers to a discipline of organic chemistry that focuses on the relationship between chemical structures and reactivity, in particular, applying experimental tools of physical chemistry to the study of organic molecules. Specific focal points of study include the rates of organic reactions, the relative chemical stabilities of the starting materials, reactive intermediates, transition states, and products of chemical reactions, and non-covalent aspects of solvation and molecular interactions that influence chemical reactivity.

Organic chemistry is the study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials.The work done by modern organic chemists impacts almost every aspect of human life, and the production of useful organic molecules remains one of the world's most profitable industries. 

Bioorganic chemistry is a rapidly growing scientific discipline that combines organic chemistry and biochemistry. However medicinal chemistry in its most common practice focusing on small organic molecules encompasses synthetic organic chemistry and aspects of natural products and computational chemistry in close combination with chemical biology, enzymology and structural biology, together aiming at the discovery and development of new therapeutic agents. 

It employs organic chemistry to explain how enzymes catalyze the reactions of metabolic pathways and why metabolites react the way they do. It aims to expand organic-chemical research on structures, synthesis, and kinetics in a biological direction. 

Organocatalysis refers to a form of catalysis, whereby the rate of a chemical reaction is increased by an organic catalyst referred to as an "organocatalyst" consisting of carbon, hydrogen, sulfur and other nonmetal elements found in organic compounds. Organocatalysts which display secondary amine functionality can be described as 

performing either enamine catalysis (by forming catalytic quantities of an active enamine nucleophile) or iminium catalysis by forming catalytic quantities of an activated iminium electrophile). This mechanism is typical for covalent organocatalysis. The advantages of organocatalysts include their lack of sensitivity to moisture and oxygen, their ready availability, low cost, and low toxicity, which confers a huge direct benefit in the production of pharmaceutical intermediates when compared with (transition) metal catalysts.

Organic reactions are chemical reactions involving organic compounds. The basic organic chemistry reaction types are addition reactions, elimination reactions, substitution reactions, pericyclic reactions, rearrangement reactions, photochemical reactions and redox reactions. In organic synthesis, organic reactions are used in the construction of new organic molecules. The production of many man-made chemicals such as drugs, plastics, food additives, fabrics depend on organic reactions.Organic reactions are also important in the production of pharmaceuticals.

Organic Synthesis is constructing a target molecule ranging from complex, biologically active natural products to new materials. Organic molecules often contain a higher level of complexity than purely inorganic compounds, so that the synthesis of organic compounds has developed into one of the most important branches of organic chemistry.

Supramolecular chemistry is the area of chemistry which deals with secondary interactions rather than covalent bonds in molecules and focuses on the chemical systems made up of a discrete number of assembled molecular subunits or components. It is use for the better understanding of protein structure as well as other biological processes.

Nanomaterial-based catalysts are usually heterogeneous catalysts broken up into metal nanoparticles in order to speed up the catalytic process. In organic chemistry, hydrogenation of a C-Cl bond with deuterium is used to selectively label the aromatic ring for use in experiments dealing with the kinetic isotope effect.

It involves the study of the relative spatial arrangement of atoms within the molecules. Stereochemistry spans the entire spectrum of organic, inorganic, biological, physical and especially supramolecular chemistry. Stereochemistry includes methods for determining and describing these relationships and effect on the physical or biological properties and the manner in which these relationships influence the reactivity of the molecules.